The exit of the HFC puts Australia in a strong position to meet its international obligations under the Montreal Protocol. At talks in Kigali, Rwanda, in October 2016, representatives of Australia and most of the other 196 countries parties to the protocol reached an agreement in which 85% of the world`s CFCs will expire. HCFCs are transitional HCFC substitutes used as refrigerants, solvents, thrusters for the manufacture of plastic foam and fire extinguishers. With respect to the potential for ozone depletion (ODP), these HFC codes are lower than those of CFCs with ODP 0.6 – 1.0 (0.01 – 0.5). In terms of global warming potential (GWP), the potential for HFC (GWP) is lower than that of CFCs with a potential of 4,680 to 10,720 GWP (76 – 2,270). Chlorofluorocarbons (HFCs), mainly produced in industrialized countries, have replaced HCFCs and HCFCs. CFCs do not cause damage to the ozone layer because they do not contain chlorine, unlike CFCs and HCFCs. However, these are greenhouse gases with high global warming potential (GWP), comparable to cfDCs and HCFCs. [27] [28] In 2009, a study calculated that a rapid reduction in GWP-intensive HFCs by 2050 could potentially prevent the equivalent of a maximum of 8.8 Gt of CO2-Eq emissions per year. [29] As a result, an expected phasedown of CFCs has been planned to prevent warming of up to 0.5 degrees Celsius by 2100 in the high HFC growth scenario and up to 0.35 degrees Celsius in the low-growth scenario of HFC.

[30] Recognizing the potential of the Montreal Protocol to gradually reduce CFCs under the 2009 Montreal Protocol by the Federated States of Micronesia, they proposed an amendment to use the high-level HFC breakdown[31] with the United States, Canada and Mexico, following the introduction of a similar proposal in 2010. [32] However, it is assumed that hydrochlorofluorocarbons or HCFCs and fluorocarbons or CFCs contribute to anthropogenic global warming. [51] Based on molecules, these compounds are up to 10,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The Montreal Protocol currently calls for a full release of HCFCs by 2030, but does not include restrictions on CFCs. Because CFCs are themselves potent greenhouse gases, simply replacing CFCs with CFCs does not significantly increase the rate of anthropogenic climate change, but over time, a steady increase in their use could increase the risk of human activity changing the climate. [52] Following the signing of the Montreal Protocol, new data caused more severe damage to the ozone layer than expected. In 1992, the parties to the protocol decided to amend the terms of the 1987 agreement to end halon production by 1994 and CFCs in industrialized countries by 1996. For more information on the release of the ODS, click here .

2012 marked the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Montreal Protocol. As a result, the Montreal Protocol Community organized a series of national, regional and international celebrations to showcase the considerable success it has had so far and to review future work. [60] Among its achievements, the Montreal Protocol was the first international treaty to meet a global environmental regulatory challenge; the first, which takes up the “precautionary principle” in its development for science-based policy-making; The first treaty, in which independent experts in atmospheric, environmental, chemical technology and economics reported directly to the parties, without treatment or censorship, under the standards of professionalism, mutual verification and respect; the first, which provides for national differences in accountability and financial capacity, in response to the creation of a multilateral technology transfer fund; The first MEA, which imposes strict reporting, trade and chemical requirements for both developed and developing countries; and the first treaty, with a financial mechanism, democratically managed by an executive council also representing industrialized countries and